Today it is widely grown for lumber. Red spruce (Picea rubens), in the family Pinaceae, is the most common spruce in the Adirondacks, found in pure or mixed stands growing to 60–70 feet. Its hardened ...

The Adirondack region is comprised of a variety of forest communities ... In the lower portion of the mountain conifer zone, red spruce and balsam fir are both common. However, with increasing ...

These improvements allowed red spruce to rebound and the forests and red-backed salamanders to begin their recovery. However, computer modeling of oxide emissions, acid rain and the chemistry of ...